These weekly garden notes are written by Kim Willis,
unless another author is noted, and the opinions expressed in these notes are
her opinions and do not represent any other individual, group or organizations
opinions.
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| Evening Primrose, Oenothera missouriensis |
Hi Gardeners
I am so pleased that we got rain today. Most of the rain last week passed us by. As of 2 pm I had 8/10 of an inch which is
good. My pond is shrinking; some rain
will do it and the garden good.
I noticed a few Eastern caterpillar tents this week, which
seems a bit late. I have not seen many
tents this year so it must be an off year for them. Rose chafer beetles and June beetles have
also been light. I have yet to see a Japanese
beetle- I hope they all died last winter. One thing I am having trouble with is potato
beetles, they are stripping my plants, despite me picking them off.
I have only seen a few butterflies this year, and no
Monarchs. I haven’t seen any Viceroy’s or Swallowtails either. I have seen some
huge dragonflies however. Baby toads and
frogs are starting to come out of the pond.
My perennials are having a lull right now, except for the
shrub roses I have little in bloom, although the daylilies are beginning to
open. Thank goodness for annuals which
keep up the color show. My yellow
Evening Primroses are in bloom though and having a pretty year and since they
are on my mind I added an article below on them.
I will have some sweet corn knee high by the fourth of July
but I am disappointed by the germination rate this year. I have some good sized tomatoes but they won’t
be ripe as early as last year.
My raspberries are blooming and I hope I get more of them
than I got strawberries or cherries this year.
The few cherries on the tree were gobbled by birds. The chickens got most of the strawberries. We have no pears this year but at least one
apple tree has plenty of fruit.
Here are two more
rose articles, these are on roses you might find growing wild.
Multiflora rose- Rosa
multiflora
Like many other plants that are now nuisances the multiflora
rose was once promoted by soil conservation districts as a good plant for
living hedges, erosion control and for encouraging wildlife. Unfortunately in many areas of the country it
is now seen as a noxious invader, taking over acres of land if allowed. If you have ever tried to walk through a
patch of multiflora rose you’ll know its prickly stems can cause a lot of pain.
 |
| Multiflora rose |
The multiflora rose is native to Asia and was first brought
to this country as a rootstock to graft less hardy roses unto and for some
limited ornamental use in the early 1800’s.
It was in the 1950’s to early 60’s that its widespread promotion as a
conservation plant caused its proliferation across the country. While it still has some good attributes its
ability to spread by seed and by runners makes it a headache for many
landowners.
Multiflora roses form an upright bush 6-10 feet all with
arching branches when growing in an open
area. It will also scramble up trees and
buildings sometimes 16-20 feet in the air.
When the rose is blooming in June a tree covered in multiflora rose can
be a pretty sight, but the vigorous vine can take a toll on tree health.
Multiflora roses send out suckers which grow into new plants
and canes will also root if they arch over enough to touch the ground. Soon one plant becomes an impenetrable
thicket if it isn’t controlled. The
canes are covered with small, stiff thorns and one needs thick gloves to deal
with the plants. Trying to walk through
a multiflora thicket is painful. Goats
will eat the canes but most cattle and horses avoid them.
Multiflora rose has typical rose compound leaves of small
oval blades with serrated edges. A distinguishing
characteristic of the multiflora rose is a group of small whitish hairs called
stipules which grow at the base of each leaf stem, just before its conjunction
with the plant stem.
In June multiflora rose is covered with clusters of small white
5 petal flowers with gold stamens in the center. The roses have a moderately strong rose
scent. Each flower turns into a tiny red
rose hip that will persist all winter on the plant if the birds don’t eat
them. Birds do like the hips, which is a
one reason this rose spreads so rapidly.
Deer will also pick the hips off the plant as high as they can reach.
Multiflora rose isn’t fussy about soil although it won’t
grow in water logged swampy areas. It
likes full sun but can be seen growing in partly shaded locations. It may die to the ground in a hard winter but
will almost always return from the roots as it is extremely hardy.
You can invite the multiflora rose into the garden if you
religiously cut out suckers. It is quite
pretty in June when it blooms and the pleasant scent drifts a long ways. After blooming trim it back hard to a
pleasing shape. It even be trimmed into
that hedge it was once promoted to be.
If the rose does get out of hand frequent mowing or trimming of unwanted
canes will cause the canes to die. Some
fertilizer in early spring will make slightly larger and more prolific flowers.
Do keep multiflora rose out of trees, especially those
ornamental trees you favor. It can ruin
the looks of the tree and cause the tree stress from competition for light and
water. To keep multiflora rose out of
pastures and other un wanted places frequent mowing or trimming off the canes
is recommended. (Or get some goats.) Herbicides will also work, but cause more
damage to the surrounding environment and creatures that might frequent the
rose.
Prairie Rose
The Wild Rose or Prairie Rose, (Rosa setigera), is found
blooming throughout Michigan in sunny but moist fields and along roadsides in
late June and early July. It has a single layer of 5, rose-pink petals with
golden centers and is quite an attractive plant. They have that delightful rose
scent if you get up close but beware of the thorns.
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| Prairie Rose |
Wild Rose bushes in good soil can grow up to 4 foot high and
4 foot across or they can scramble up fences or trees. When the rose flowers
fade they leave behind small orange- red rose hips which are a favored food of
birds and other wildlife. Wild rose hips are high in vitamin C and some people enjoy
the tart taste of them as much as the birds do.
This rose is a native plant and is great to add to
naturalized gardens. It prefers to be
moist but the soil should be well drained.
The rose leaves turn attractive shades of red and red-purple in the fall
and the hips also add winter color. The
rose is hardy in zones 4-8.
Mowing and Ragweed
Detroit has hundreds of acres of vacant land. It rejected the use of goats to clean up the
weeds, another foolish move by their government, and they can’t afford to mow
the vacant lots very often, sometimes once every two years. Detroit turned out
to be the perfect location for a study on ragweed and its pollen done by the
University of Michigan.
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| Ragweed |
Researchers found that if you can’t keep an area mowed regularly,
like at least once a month, then it’s better to not mow at all if you want to
limit the growth of ragweed and the awful nuisance its pollen causes. Ragweed grows best in disturbed areas without
competition from trees and shrubs. It
will grow rapidly and dispense pollen in abundance in the first 2-3 years after
property is abandoned but once trees and shrubs take over the ragweed fades.
This has implications for those outside the city who mow
their land once a year to keep down the growth of trees and shrubs. If you are also grazing animals on that
property little increase in ragweed growth and subsequent pollen shedding will
happen. But if you aren’t grazing
animals then you are making conditions ripe for a ragweed takeover. Regular mowing, keeping the grass- or weeds-
short, also limits ragweed. Those who suffer
greatly from ragweed pollen will need to make a choice between mowing and
allowing their property to become wooded.
Nano particles- a threat to your health and the environment
Forget GMO modified food- there’s something happening to our
food supply that’s scarier and probably more dangerous. Nanoparticles are the new concern. Nanoparticles are infinitesimally small
pieces of elements or compounds, so small that ordinary microscopes can’t
detect them. They do occur naturally to
a small extent- when something caramelizes in cooking nanoparticles form for
instance. But it’s the engineered
nanoparticles that are of great concern.
Many nanoparticles are made from metals such as iron, zinc, silver and
gold but some are from things like clay.
When they were first developed nanoparticles were used in
things like electronics, sporting equipment, and fuel additives. Then it was discovered that some
nanoparticles like nano silver had antibiotic properties and they were used in
food packaging, personal care items and cosmetics. Nano technology and the number of things that
nanoparticles were added to has proliferated greatly over the last few years.
Of great concern to some people is the food industries use
of nanoparticles in common foods. The
FDA does not require disclosure of nanoparticles in food if the nano particles
are from a product generally considered safe.
But here’s the problem with that.
Nanoparticles act differently than ordinary sized particles of the same
element. That’s why they were developed.
They have the ability to cross cell
membranes and pass into organs and the blood. Nanoparticles from cosmetics can be absorbed
through the skin. Some nanoparticles
have antimicrobial action, or they disperse into mixtures and water more easily,
or they form hard coatings, are a different color than the element they are
made from, conduct electricity better and so on.
The fact is we just don’t know what nanoparticles that are
ingested or absorbed through the skin might do to our bodies. Little research has been done although money
is now being directed into such research and some preliminary studies have been
done. Those studies indicate that there
may be reason for concern, both for human health and the environment. Nanoparticles that pass through our bodies
and end up in waste treatment facilities can pass through ordinary filtration
systems and end up in the ground and surface water.
A recent study published in the journal ACS Sustainable
Chemistry & Engineering found that nanoparticles in common “health” drinks penetrated
the intestinal mucosa and changed the way the intestinal villa worked, leading
to less efficient digestion and possibly diarrhea. They found some of the particles also passed
through the digestive tract and went into the environment. Research needs to be done on how the “escaped”
nanoparticles affect wildlife.
Earlier studies found that nanoparticles of zinc oxide,
common in things like sunblock creams, damaged lung cells. Silver nanoparticles, used in many products,
damaged liver and brain cells in animals.
Silver nanoparticles are now listed as a pesticide. Yet they remain common in food packaging.
One of the most common nanoparticles added to food and
cosmetics is Titanium dioxide. It gives
many products that very white color. Its
effects on the human body haven’t been studied in depth and it’s found in a
number of common products. Iron, zinc, and
silver nanoparticles are also found in foods and other nanoparticles are being
added each year.
What food products have nanoparticles in them?
M&M candies, Hersey’s Bliss Chocolate, some flavors of
Kool Aid, non-dairy coffee creamers, any
soy or rice milks, powdered sugar
toppings ( found on Dunkin doughnuts and Hostess Doughnettes), cheese “foods”
such as Kraft American singles, Trident gum ( and other gums), and many “nutritional”
drinks such as those for toddlers and seniors.
These are products that were tested and found to contain nanoparticles;
probably many products go undisclosed because it doesn’t have to be listed on
the label. Unfortunately nanoparticles have
been in many foods for over a decade.
Hundreds of food products have packaging with silver and
other nanoparticles. Cooking utensils are
coated with nanoparticles. Beer bottles are lined with them. No studies have been done by non-profit or
government agencies to determine whether those particle can leach into food. And these products do not have to be labeled
with the fact they have nanoparticles.
Other products with nanoparticles
Many cosmetics, sunblocking creams, hand creams and lotions,
bath scrubs, toothpastes, soaps, shampoos, first aid creams, deodorants, and shaving
creams have nanoparticles. Some
countries are now banning the use of nanoparticles or “balls” made of
nanoparticles in personal care products because a lot of the nanoparticles end
up in the environment – particularly the water.
They may be damaging plants and wildlife and since some of them aren’t
filtered out by normal water processing, humans may be consuming them in
drinking water.
It may be hard to remove nanoparticles from your diet and we
don’t know for a certainty whether there is any great harm done by them. It
would be wise to avoid those food items we know have them. We do know that engineered nanoparticles have
the potential for harm and that we have not been guarding our food supply
wisely in this case. We need to step up
testing of nanoparticles effects both on health and the environment. It would be great if companies were required
to list nanoparticles used in their products on the label, but don’t hold your
breath.
Evening Primrose
There are several species of evening primroses, (Oenothera),
that are native to North America and they are often listed in wildflower
books. But in Michigan the evening
primrose tribe is most likely to be found in gardens and so it will be listed here as a garden plant. Most gardeners can grow the evening
primroses; they are hardy to at least zone 4.
Domesticated evening primroses bloom over a long period and are very
easy to grow. They are often used as
filler in perennial beds.
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| Showy Evening Primrose, Oenothera speciosa. |
The name evening primrose is confusing, as common names can
be, because Oenothera are not related to the true primrose family and many
species stay open in the daytime as well.
Oenothera missouriensis is commonly called Sundrops or Missouri primrose. It is a compact plant with 5 inch yellow
flowers that stay open during the day.
The other evening primrose commonly found in Michigan gardens is the
Showy evening primrose or Oenothera speciosa, which gets about 30 inches tall
with pretty light pink flowers.
Two other varieties of evening primrose may turn up in
gardens. The common evening primrose, Oenothera biennis, which is a rangy plant
that can get up to 5 feet high in good conditions, has small yellow flowers
that do open in the evening. The prairie evening primrose, Oenothera albicaulis,
has white flowers.
The cutleaf evening primrose, ( Oenothera laciniata), is a
weed of nursery pots and sometimes in fields.
It forms a rosette of lobed, deeply cut leaves with a prominent white
vein. It blooms close to the ground with
yellow or reddish small flowers and is not a suitable garden subject.
Description of garden varieties
The leaves of most evening primrose are narrow ovals with a
toothed edge. Stems are reddish, with
small hairs. Plants may branch near the top. Plants grow higher through the
summer, putting out new clusters of flowers.
Evening primrose flowers open in clusters at the top of the
plant. Each flower has 4 petals and a
slightly glossy look. The showy evening
primrose has darker pink veins on the light pink flowers. Flowers are lightly
fragrant. The flower size ranges from 1-5 inches wide.
Care of evening primroses
Primroses thrive in dry sunny, places but will also grow in
partial shade. They will grow even in poor soil, but it must be well
drained. Gardeners will generally buy
plants but evening primroses can be started from seed. Seed actually germinates
quite well outside, sow it in midsummer and it will bloom the second year. They
are bi-annual or short lived perennials but will spread generously for you by
seed. Many gardeners get their evening
primrose plants from other gardeners who need to thin them out after a few
years.
Evening primroses are easy garden plants; they don’t require
fertilization in all but the poorest soils and have few pests and
diseases. Taken alone they don’t make
much of a statement in the border; they should be planted in generous groups. Showy evening primrose in particular makes
quite a show when planted in large drifts. If they are in a spot they like
evening primroses will bloom for much of the summer.
Occasionally the prolific evening primroses will be found
where they have escaped the garden, usually in dry, sunny meadows. In Michigan wild primroses are generally the
yellow common evening primrose. They are
sometimes included in wildflower seed mixes.
Herbal use
Native American women chewed the seeds of common evening primrose
for menstrual pain, PMS symptoms and other “woman” problems, including breast
pain. The seeds are sometimes ground for herbal remedies. In recent years the extracted oil of evening
primrose seeds is being studied for a whole slew of reasons, pain relief and
heart health are a few, and it is used in cosmetics for its supposed anti-aging
properties.
Be careful using evening primrose oil as it can cause
stomach upset and diarrhea and some people have serious allergic reactions to
it.
It’s time to play in the rain, get out there and think
young!
Kim Willis
“He who has a garden and
a library wants for nothing” ― Cicero
More
Information
Identifying critter damage in the garden and landscape
Whether it’s your vegetable garden, flowers or woody
ornamentals, when foliage, flowers or entire plants are missing, the big
question is “Who did this?”
Posted on June
17, 2014 by Gretchen Voyle, Michigan State University Extension
If a gardener isn’t sure what pest is causing foliage,
flowers or entire plants to go missing, time and effort can go into the wrong
solution and the plant material keeps disappearing. The two divisions of pests
for this article are vertebrates, such as deer, rabbits, woodchucks and
chipmunks, and some kind of insect. It is important to realize that animal
repellants will not repel insects. Insecticides almost never repel animals.
Using the correct product is important. Try to figure out who your target is.
Having a ten-power hand lens or magnifying glass can help you see more of what
is really going on.
When looking at plant damage, think of the size of the
animal. It is impossible for an animal to eat small holes in leaves or to just
strip tissue away. An insect cannot consume entire leaves, veins and midrib
included, but they can feed on plants at all heights. Animal damage above 3
feet high is often deer, but woodchucks can climb to eat leaves or fruit.
Damage low to the ground can be any animal, and damage from insects and animals
can occur overnight or during the day. These are the kinds of answers that
Michigan State University Extension horticulture educators and Master Gardener
hotline staffs give every day. Here is a quick look at some common problems.
Leaves
·
Small holes in the middle of leaves or
edges chewed, and edges of hole are leaf-colored: Insects
·
Upper and lower leaf tissue removed,
leaving just veins: Insects
·
Tan leaf with top and bottom intact, but no
tissue in between top and bottom: Insect
·
Missing entire leaves with or without petiole,
or connecting stem: Animal
·
Petiole of tree leaf cut or damaged and
found on the ground, yet leaf is healthy: Insect
·
Missing parts of leaves, nothing left like
leaf mid-vein: Animal
·
Hosta leaves removed to their stems:
Usually deer
Needles
·
Tips of spruce new growth is cut off and on
the ground in the spring: Squirrels
·
Ends of branches have needles partially
removed or shoot is cut and on the ground: Deer
Entire
plant
·
Small transplants or seedling cut off at
almost ground level: Cutworms
·
Small, tender plants clipped off at ground
level and missing: Animal
·
Newly planted bulbs dug up and pushed
aside: Raccoon or skunk
Flowers
·
Missing entire flower and possibly stem:
Animal
·
Flower bud and stem gone: Animal
·
Small, round, brown or black spots that
look thin and dried out on mints and chrysanthemums: Insect
·
Small, ragged or rounded holes in petals:
Insect
Garden
vegetables
·
Tomatoes close to the ground have holes
poked into them: Birds
·
Vegetables or fruit touching the ground are
chewed into on bottom side: Slugs
·
Young green bean plants appear to be mowed
down: Woodchucks
·
Squash and pumpkin leaves with gray, wilted
areas and holes late in summer: Squash bugs
Animal damage can be handled two ways: a fence or
netting can be put up to keep the animal or bird out, or a repellant can be
used to discourage animal feeding, but repellants do not work on birds. There
are many more repellants created for ornamental plants than food plants. Be
sure to read the label.
For insect problems, insecticidal soap will work on
soft-bodied insects like aphids, spider mites and caterpillars, but not on
hard-shelled beetles. Call the MSU Extension Garden Hotline at 888-678-3464 for
help with your insect or animal problems.
This article was published by Michigan State University
Extension.
Events, classes and
other offerings
Please let me know if there is any event or class that
you would like to share with other gardeners.
These events are primarily in Michigan but if you are a reader from
outside of Michigan and want to post an event I’ll be glad to do it.
Master Gardeners if you belong to an association that
approves your hours please check with that association before assuming a class
or work day will count as credit.
Do you have plants or seeds you would like to swap or
share? Post them here by emailing me at kimwillis151@gmail.com
New- The Decline of the
Monarch Butterfly - Is this Species in Peril?, June 25, 2014 - 6 - 8 p.m. Northwestern
Michigan College Scholars Hall 109 (Auditorium), Traverse City, MI
In recent years the
population of the Monarch butterfly has decreased to a historically low
level. This program will cover all
aspects of the Monarch, including its basic biology, life history, migrations,
population trends, threats and possible actions for supporting the survival of
the species.
The speaker will be
Dr. Duke Elsner from Michigan State University Extension.
The program is free,
but a $5 donation is suggested to help cover costs.
Contact: Jackie
Baase, 231-946-1510, baase@msu.edu
New-
Genesee County Master
Gardeners 2014 Bus Trip - Open to the Public!! Thursday, July 17, 2014- Please Park in the U of M parking lot on the
corner of Robert T. and Saginaw in Flint. Entrance to parking lot is on Robert T. (we will be leaving no later 8 am exactly, no refunds)
The tour will be to Brenda’s Butterfly habitat and Barson’s greenhouse (in Westland) and Matthaei Botanical gardens and Nichols Arboretum (In Ann Arbor)
Cost $60.00
(includes Lunch, snacks, water and fees)
Make Check Payable to: MGAGCM
Send to: P.O. Box 34, Flushing, MI. 48433
Please register no later than Monday, June 30, 2014
Contact person: Sabrina VanDyke at 810-407-0808
The tour will be to Brenda’s Butterfly habitat and Barson’s greenhouse (in Westland) and Matthaei Botanical gardens and Nichols Arboretum (In Ann Arbor)
Cost $60.00
(includes Lunch, snacks, water and fees)
Make Check Payable to: MGAGCM
Send to: P.O. Box 34, Flushing, MI. 48433
Please register no later than Monday, June 30, 2014
Contact person: Sabrina VanDyke at 810-407-0808
Schedule
9:00 a.m.
Arrive at Barson’s Greenhouse approximately
Presentation at Barson’s Greenhouse
Explore Brenda’s Butterfly Habitat
12:00 p.m.
Leave Barson Greenhouse
12:30 p.m.
Arrive at Matthaei Botanical gardens and Nichols Arboretum
Picnic Lunch/ Dinner
5:30 p.m.
Depart for home
Send the below information with the check - Thanks!!
NAME (s)
PHONE # (cell phone if possible)
Contact person: Sabrina VanDyke at 810-407-0808
9:00 a.m.
Arrive at Barson’s Greenhouse approximately
Presentation at Barson’s Greenhouse
Explore Brenda’s Butterfly Habitat
12:00 p.m.
Leave Barson Greenhouse
12:30 p.m.
Arrive at Matthaei Botanical gardens and Nichols Arboretum
Picnic Lunch/ Dinner
5:30 p.m.
Depart for home
Send the below information with the check - Thanks!!
NAME (s)
PHONE # (cell phone if possible)
Contact person: Sabrina VanDyke at 810-407-0808
New - Michigan Ag Expo 2014- July 22, 2014 - July 24, 2014 Michigan
State University, East Lansing, MI
Ag Expo is
Michigan’s largest outdoor agricultural show. With more than 250 vendors,
demonstrations, educational sessions, and ride and drive equipment available,
there is something for everyone. Admission to the show is free!
Visit the Ag Expo
2014 website for more information.
http://agexpo.msu.edu/
The Busy Gardener- June 24, 2014 6:30 - 8:30 p.m. Oakland County
Executive Office Conference Center, 2100 Pontiac Lake Road, Waterford, MI
Tips for the
gardener who wants to make the best use of precious time and money. Janet will
present ideas and answer questions to help you get your garden, shrub and lawn
work done in the spring in ways that will make summer more relaxing and
beautiful. Cost $20. Contact Linda
Smith, 248-858-0887, smithlin@oakgov.com
What is Popping in the Ponds?, Sunday, June 29, 2:00 pm Seven Ponds
Nature Center, 3854 Crawford Road, Dryden, MI
(810) 796-3200
Wetland plants will
be blooming and birds will be singing on our walk to see what is popping.
Build a Hypertufa Leaf Birdbath, Saturday, July 5, 10:00 am Seven Ponds
Nature Center, 3854 Crawford Road, Dryden, MI
(810) 796-3200
A hypertufa birdbath
nestled into a garden space will attract a myriad of bird species. In this
class we will learn the process using a real leaf as a mold. Please bring a
blanket to cradle your project on the way home and a bag lunch. Please call to
preregister for this adult (12 and up) class. Fee $15.00 (members $12.00).
The Lapeer area Horticulture Society
is looking for new members. There are no
education or experience requirements to join; only a love of gardening is
needed. The Horticulture Society meets
the third Monday of each month for socializing, networking and a brief
educational presentation. Next meeting
is at Swoish’s Greenhouse, North Branch, May 19th 6:30 pm. Everyone is invited to join. Dues are only $15 a year. For more information on joining or meeting
locations contact Bev Kobylas at bkobylas@yahoo.com
The 3rd Annual Michigan Honey
Festival- Saturday, July 12, 2014 10am - 5pm at The Harvey Kern Pavilion in Frankenmuth,
Michigan.
Attend educational
seminars and learn all you need to start beekeeping! Purchase all
your beekeeping supplies from a variety of vendors. Lots of Michigan honey for sale. Learn how to
brew honey beer and mead and attend the many cooking with honey demonstrations. There is a children’s craft area and a
demonstration garden done by Master Gardeners.
Watch a bee beard demonstration.
There will be lots of interesting products to sample and buy made from
honey or bee’s wax.
This year’s festival
is all indoors, so no weather worries.
Admission is $5 for adults, children 12 and under free. More information ? http://www.michiganhoneyfestival.com/contact.html
Garden
Day August 2, 2014, 8 am – 4:15 pm,
Michigan State University Department of Horticulture, East Lansing Mi.
MSU’s annual garden day is on
Saturday this year. The keynote speaker
is Amy Stewart, author of Wicked Plants,
Flower Confidential, and The Drunken Botanist and other books. Ms Stewart is also the concluding speaker and
you can also stay for a reception after the event where she will discuss the Drunken Botanist. You can choose from a
number of excellent workshops/classes, 1 morning and 1 afternoon session.
Classes include Herbal housekeeping, Best Herbaceous perennials, Creative
Containers, Dividing Perennials, Herbs at Home, Pruning Basics, Gardening in
the Shade, Unusual Trees and Shrubs, Creative Edge, and Going Native.
Cost of the event is $85 until July
22nd , $95 after. Lunch and free parking
included. Additional $39 for evening reception.
Go to hrt.msu.edu/garden-day-2014
for class
descriptions and to register.
Newsletter
information
If you would
like to pass along a notice about an educational event or a volunteer
opportunity please send me an email before Tuesday of each week and I will
print it. Also if you have a comment or opinion you’d like to share, send it to
me. Please state that you want to have the item published in my weekly notes.
You must give your full name and what you say must be polite and not attack any
individual. I am very open to ideas and opinions that don’t match mine but I do
reserve the right to publish what I want.
Once again the
opinions in this newsletter are mine and I do not represent any organization or
business. I do not make any income from this newsletter. I write this because I
love to share with other gardeners some of the things I come across in my research
each week. It keeps me engaged with local people and horticulture. It’s a
hobby, basically. I hope you enjoy it. If at any time you don’t wish to receive
these emails just let me know. If you know anyone who would like to receive
these emails have them send their email address to me. KimWillis151@gmail.com
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