Tuesday, August 11, 2015

August 11, 2015, Kim’s Weekly Garden Newsletter

August 11, 2015, Kim’s Weekly Garden Newsletter    © Kim Willis

Hi Gardeners

I hope you had good rain yesterday, but not too much as some areas around Lansing got.  We got about a half inch.  I haven’t had to do much watering in the last couple weeks, just a few pots and baskets that dry out quickly. 

The garden is starting to show signs of late maturity.  We are getting lots of tomatoes although the vines are deteriorating quickly from fungal diseases.  Our sweet corn is ripe – we have been feasting.  This year I planted a variety called “Got to Have It” from Gurneys.  Its bi-color and very sweet, with long slender ears but I feel its lacking a bit in “corn” flavor.  It’s still good though, much better than supermarket corn.

The last wave of flowers is just beginning to open.  Mums, hardy hibiscus, Rose of Sharon, goldenrod, asters, Sweet Autumn clematis, ligularia, woodland tobacco, dahlias and Autumn Joy sedum are some of my performers.  Some annuals are looking a bit tired; I have fertilized and trimmed some back hoping for a fall revival.  Phlox is blooming lavishly this year.  It got very tall and a lot of stems fell over so those stems were cut and plucked into a bucket on the porch,  an outside bouget.  I am going to aggressively thin out my phlox this fall and next spring if anyone is interested in plants.

Another plant that out did itself this year is the cleome.  Mine came from seed dropped last year and it seeded itself all over.  I removed lots of plants but my dahlias are still being hidden by them.  Some came up in a pot of rain lilies and I haven’t seen those bloom all year without parting the sea of white cleome.  And there’s no doubt they are making plenty of seed this year.

Eucomis Sparkling Burgandy
Some petunias came up in the pot of the braided hibiscus plant I have on my deck.  Since I have no petunias near that pot this year the seed came from last year.  They are just getting ready to bloom and it will be interesting to see what color I have.  The species petunia- petunia exserta, I bought this spring has proved to be a powerhouse of a bloomer and I am hoping to save some seeds from it.  Its blooms are tiny and star shaped but bright red and hummingbirds like them.  I also have an unusual red penta that has just began blooming.  Another garden star this year is the Eucomis Sparkling Burgundy.

How do you know when it’s ready to harvest?

New gardeners and old gardeners growing something for the first time often wonder when the food crop they are growing is ready to harvest.  After all when you go through the labor and time to produce your own food you want to pick it when it’s at its absolute best taste and nutrition.  While experience will eventually help you decide when to harvest here are some tips to help you decide if some food crops are ready to eat.

Tomatoes
Tomatoes are the most frequently grown garden food plant.  Tomatoes help you determine when they are ready to pick by changing color.  Not all tomatoes turn red however, some turn orange, pink, black, yellow, or combinations of colors. Some even stay green, although there is generally a difference in the shade of green when ripe.  Know what variety you planted!  Pick those tomatoes when they are the right color and slightly soft.   If a tomato falls off before it’s completely ripe or a heavy frost is on the way don’t worry.  Tomatoes will continue to ripen off the vine, even though the taste is better if they are left to ripen in the sun.  Don’t let tomatoes get too ripe, when they get really soft and may even split or leak fluids.

Pick all the ripe tomatoes off a plant, even if you can’t use them.  Picking them keeps the plant producing and lessens the chance of disease from rotting fruits. Pick off those that have spots, cracks, rotted areas and so on.  Compost unwanted fruits or give them to animals like chickens or if you just have too many nice tomatoes and don’t want to can or freeze them donate them to a neighbor, senior center or soup kitchen.

Once you get them in the house don’t refrigerate tomatoes- this ruins the taste and actually makes them spoil faster.  Store them unwashed- wash them right before use.  Store tomatoes that need to ripen a bit in a bright location but out of direct sun.  Store ripe tomatoes in a darker location.

Peppers
Peppers vary tremendously in size, shape and color.  Most can be eaten at almost any stage.  For sweet bell peppers you can harvest them when they are large, but still green or let them ripen to red, yellow or orange.  Hot peppers will be at their hottest at maturity.  Read the variety description to know what the “ripe” color is.  As with most garden plants, keep the peppers picked to keep them producing.  Once you pick them store them in a cool, but not refrigerated place.  Wash just before use.  Peppers can be cut up and frozen, dried, pickled or canned to preserve them.

Eggplant
Eggplants are much the same as tomatoes and peppers- when they are mature they generally change color.  All eggplants are not purple when mature however, there are varieties that are orange, yellow, white and other colors.  Pick eggplants when the mature color is reached.  Like tomatoes eggplants should be stored at room temperature.  

Cucumbers
The aim in harvesting cucumbers is to pick them when they are young and small for the best flavor, thin skin and keeping qualities. Different varieties of cukes have different shapes when mature.  Some are long and slender, some short and plump. The long ones are better for fresh eating but any cuke can be eaten fresh at a young age. Even cucumbers designed to be pickles should be picked while they are still young and small.  Most cucumbers will be green at this correct eating stage although novelty cucumbers that are white or yellow when young exist.  When most cucumbers start turning yellow however, they are getting past the best eating and pickling stage. 

Pick all cucumbers off the vine before they turn completely yellow to keep the vines producing. You can store cucumbers refrigerated or unrefrigerated for several days.

Cabbage
Cabbage is ready to harvest when a tight firm head has formed.  You’ll want to harvest these heads before they split, which left in the garden too long they will do.  If a split head is harvested immediately it is fine to eat, but after a few days a split head will spoil and be filled with bugs.  If you aren’t ready to harvest your cabbage and want to keep them in the garden a bit longer, give each plant a half turn to break some of the roots.  This can delay splitting for a few more days. 

To store cabbage you can pull the whole plant and hang them upside down in a cool dark place.  This is how cabbage was stored through the winter in earlier times but few people have the right conditions for this. Heads may sit for a week or two in a cool place without being washed or having the outer leaves stripped off. Or strip off some of the outer leaves and wrap the head tightly in plastic wrap and store in the refrigerator crisper or other cool place. 

Lettuce/greens
Greens should be picked when they are big enough to eat but before the plant starts sending up a tall, flowering stalk.  Once greens bolt or go to seed, they turn bitter.  This usually happens as the weather gets hot.  You can remove all or part of a lettuce plant (except heading types).  Wash greens and store refrigerated after they air dry.  Lettuce that looks wilty as you harvest it can be soaked in a bowl of cold water in the refrig. for an hour or so and it may revive and crisp up.  There’s no real way to store leafy greens for very long.

Green beans/ lima beans/ wax beans
For the best tasting, tender green beans pick the beans when the pods are small and the “bumps” inside barely noticeable.  Keep beans picked off the plant before they get too large and the pods begin turning yellow as this keeps the plants producing new beans. Don’t wash until just before cooking.   Beans can be stored in the refrigerator for a few days before use.  Can or freeze them if they can’t be used in a few days.

Radishes, beets
Harvest these when they are still small.  As they get older they get woody or pithy.  Radishes can be round or long like carrots.  The color of beets and radishes doesn’t change much as they mature.  You’ll be pulling up the whole plant.  Wash the roots, trim the leaves back to about half and store refrigerated if you aren’t going to use them immediately.

Carrots
You can pull carrots when they are small, about the size of a pencil or let them get larger.  Some carrots will be a bit woody as they get larger but most will still have good flavor. Carrots can even be heavily mulched and left in the ground to harvest in late fall and winter.  If carrots are going to be stored for any length of time, trim off most of the leaves and leave them unwashed until just before use. Store carrots in a cool, moist place.  A few can be wrapped in a moist paper towel and stored in the crisper of the refrigerator.

Squash/pumpkins
There are two types of squash, summer squash which includes zucchini and winter, which includes Hubbard, acorn and other types.  Summer squash are harvested when they are young and the skin is still thin.  When they get large and mature they have a lot of seeds and are tough and not flavorful.  Some summer squash are green when young and change color as they mature.  But some like the patty pans are the same color when young or mature and this can be white or yellow or even other colors.  Summer squash types don’t store for long and should be stored in a cool place.

Winter squash are meant to mature before eating.  They usually start out green and can be a variety of colors when mature.  You want them to have a firm, thick skin.  Pumpkins are winter squash.  You’ll want them to be fully colored before you pick them as squash do not color up much more after picking.  Harvest all winter squash and pumpkins before a hard freeze or they will rot.  Some squash will taste fine if not quite mature, but the still really immature ones should probably be put in the compost if you have to pick them early.    Store your pumpkins and winter squash in a warm, (room temperature), dark place for long term storage.

Melons
Melons includes cantaloupe, honeydews, watermelon and some other varieties.  Melons are one of the harder things to judge when they are ready to harvest and an unripe melon just doesn’t taste very good. Melons don’t continue to ripen after they are picked.  An overripe melon is equally awful.  As you grow melons year after year you will get adept at recognizing ripeness but until then count on a few mistakes.

Cantaloupe doesn’t develop the netting on the surface until late in development.  They may look green and smooth at an earlier stage.  Other melons may also change appearance as they mature. A few melons have been developed to change color when mature so they are easier to pick at the right time.  Study the descriptions of melon varieties so you know what to expect and mark the variety in the garden.  Garden experts get many questions about what type of melon is growing in another gardener’s garden each year as people try to figure out what the odd looking fruits are.

Most melons when mature develop a yellow spot where the melon rests on the ground.  The tendril on the end opposite the stem should be dried up or absent.  Some melons will easily slide off the vine when mature but this isn’t a reliable test as some ripe melons will need to be pulled or cut off.  If a melon begins to crack its generally ripe- on the verge of over ripeness, although excessive rain may cause some unripe melons to crack too.  It’s ok to eat cracked melons if insects or animals haven’t beat you to it.

You can thump the melon but it takes experience to recognize the hollow sound of a ripe melon.  Smelling muskmelon, cantaloupe and honeydew can be a good test; a ripe melon can be smelled without cutting it.  That’s the way chickens and other animals recognize ripe melons and extra interest in your melon patch means the melons are ripening.

Old-timers often use the plug test on watermelon.  When you think a watermelon looks ripe take a pocket knife and cut a small plug out of the melon and examine it.  Cut a bit off the end and taste it.  If the melon isn’t ripe you can put the plug back in and wait a few days.  The same plug won’t be a reliable indicator for a second test though.

Potatoes
Potatoes can be harvested starting about 2 weeks after they bloomed, for new potatoes.  You can dig down and harvest just a few baby potatoes, leaving the plant or dig up one plant in your patch. You can harvest any time the tubers are the size you like.  When the tops of potatoes have wilted and died, the crop is mature and can be dug, as the tubers will not grow any larger.  If the weather is dry and pests aren’t a problem you can leave the potatoes for a while in the ground.  Harvest before a hard freeze or harvest as soon as mature if the soil tends to get soggy for long periods. If a hard freeze is predicated and your tops haven’t died yet the potatoes can still be harvested. 

Let potatoes that you intend to store for a while sit spread out in a warm, dark spot for a day or two to cure.  Then brush off the dirt and store in a cool, dark place.  Don’t wash until used.  Don’t refrigerate potatoes for storage- the starch will turn to sugar and give them an off taste.

Sweet Corn
Sweet corn is ready to harvest when the ears feel plump and the corn silk looks brown and dry.  You can peel a little husk back and poke your fingernail into a corn kernel.  If a clear fluid squirts out it’s not quite ripe.  If a milky fluid comes out it’s at the perfect stage.  If no fluid comes out it’s probably starting to get tough and is past the best eating stage.

Corn will hold on the stalk for a few days and ears will ripen over several days to 2 weeks in any patch of corn.  Try not to harvest corn until right before you are going to cook it for the best taste.  If the corn patch is producing more than you can eat each day give some away, can or freeze it.  Next year plant small patches of corn at two week intervals so it won’t ripen all at once. 

To hold sweet corn for a few days leave it in the husk, keep it moist and refrigerated.  Corn loses flavor each day it is stored as you will realize the first time you have your own corn picked just before it’s cooked.

Onions
Like many crops onions are ready to eat at many stages.  For green onions pull the plants when the stems are the size of a pencil.  Let the rest mature until you like the size they are or need an onion.  Onions need to be kept from going to seed or the bulb will stop growing.  When the leaves get tall and start to thicken at the base bend them over.  This helps them put energy into bulb production and not flowering.

If onion tops have died down and dried the bulb isn’t going to get any bigger so they should be dug and stored.  If the weather is dry you can leave them in the ground for a while before harvesting if you need to.   After harvesting let them dry in the sun for a day or two, then remove the tops. Don’t wash them until just before use and leave the outer papery skin on.  Store onions in a dark, dry place above 40 degrees.  Some types of onions, usually the sweet types don’t store well whole.  Those are best chopped and frozen for storage.

Marijuana use by youth does not increase mental illness or health problems

When people speak against the recreational use of marijuana they often state that young people who smoke it experience more mental health problems or have more health issues.  But the results of a long term study of 408 young men by the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and Rutgers University found no such links between marijuana use and health problems. 

The Pittsburgh Youth Study tracked young men from age 14 to age 36 and semi-annually interviewed and evaluated them.  The group was about evenly split between white and non- white participants.  The study results were published in Psychology of Addictive Behaviors.  The study concluded that there was no difference between those who frequently smoked marijuana beginning at a young age and those who never or rarely smoked marijuana in the areas of psychotic behavior, depression, anxiety disorders, high blood pressure, asthma, respiratory problems, cancer, or allergies.  In short – they found that marihuana use by young people did not impact their mental or physical health.  So much for the old wives tales and “suggested” links.  Here’s the journal reference for sceptics;  Jordan Bechtold, Theresa Simpson, Helene R. White, Dustin Pardini. Chronic Adolescent Marijuana Use as a Risk Factor for Physical and Mental Health Problems in Young Adult Men.. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 2015; DOI: 10.1037/adb0000103

LED lights in the greenhouse

Researchers at Purdue University, found that plants grown in greenhouses in the north often did not get enough light in greenhouses in late winter- early spring.  They published a study in the May 2015 issue of HortScience  where they compared the growth of  seedlings of French marigold, geranium, impatiens, petunia, and vinca under natural light, natural light plus light from LED lights and no natural light, only LED light in growth chambers.

The study found that plants grown with supplemental LED lighting grew better than those in just natural light and that plants grown in growth chambers using just LED lights grew just as well as those with a combination of supplemental and natural light.  They found that plants grown with either supplemental LED light or just LED lighting were more compact and sturdy than plants grown under natural light in early spring, particularly if the light leaned a bit toward the blue spectrum.

While not cheap to purchase LED grow lights last a long time and consume little energy leading to a cost savings against other forms of supplemental light.  And since the lights release little heat the plants in an LED light chamber set up can be stacked to save space.  If you start plants inside your home or a small greenhouse in early spring you may want to consider using LED grow lights.  You may also want to consider them if you like to grow blooming plants inside in winter , when natural light in even the best southern exposure window can be in adequate. 

Eupatoriums- Snakeroot and Joe Pye Weed

If you are a native plant lover or just need more color in the fall garden then some of the exciting Eupatoriums may be just what you need.  Joe Pye Weed and Snakeroot, also called Boneset, are native Eupatoriums.  Eupatoriums are late summer and fall blooming plants that can brighten dull beds and provide food for butterflies and bees.  They are tough native plants adaptable to many types of soil and growing conditions.

Both Joe Pye Weed and Snakeroot are excellent for naturalized gardens in semi-shady areas, the edges of bogs and rain gardens, and in butterfly gardens.  The compact, stocky varieties of Joe Pye Weed are also excellent in the back of perennial borders for fall color. Both Joe Pye Weed and Snakeroot make excellent cut flowers. The foliage of chocolate Snakeroot can be an excellent color contrast in shaded beds.
Joe Pye weed

The leaves of Joe Pye Weed are arranged in whorls around the stem.  The leaves are dark green, long and toothed.  The stems sometimes have a purplish red tint.  Joe Pye Weed has clusters of feathery purple- red flowers on long stems at the top of the plant beginning in late summer.  The flowers resemble Ageratum flowers, which Joe Pye Weed is related to.   Joe Pye Weed plants range from 2-6 foot in height, depending on variety.

The leaves of Snakeroot or Boneset are dark green or purple- brown depending on variety.  They are similar to Joe Pye Weed leaves except they are arranged opposite each other on the stem.  The two opposite leaves appear to be joined at the base, with the stem running through them. Snakeroot has flowers that are white and the clusters are little less dense and more airy in appearance than Joe Pye Weed.  The flowers have a light, pleasant scent.   Snakeroot plants average about 3-4 feet in height.  The names Boneset and Snakeroot refer to medicinal qualities the plant is supposed to have.  The whole plant is poisonous, however and modern herbals rarely refer to it.

There are two other Eupatoriums sometimes seen in gardens.  Texas Ageratum has blue flower clusters and light green leaves.  Agrimony or Hemp Agrimony has mauve flower clusters and is a native of Siberia.

Growing Joe Pye Weed and Snakeroot

Gardeners will generally begin with plants.  Seed can sometimes be found in native seed catalogs, but will be from unimproved varieties.  If you buy or collect seed from wild plants it would be best to sow it where you want it to grow in the fall.  The seed requires 8-10 weeks of cold, moist conditions before it will germinate.

Both Joe Pye Weed and Snakeroot will grow in zones 5-8 and maybe in zone 4 with protection.  They prefer moist soil and partly shady conditions.   Both will take more sun in the north if kept well- watered.  Joe Pye Weed and Snakeroot will also adjust to drier conditions if kept well-watered while getting established.  For best bloom however, Snakeroot and Joe Pye Weed should be watered generously.  Taller varieties of Joe Pye Weed may need to be staked when they begin to flower. If the soil is at least moderately fertile they do not require additional fertilization.  The plants are herbaceous and die to the ground each winter.

Joe Pye Weed forms large clumps and can be divided in early spring every 2-3 years.   It is moderately invasive if conditions suit it.  Snakeroot will re-seed quite freely if conditions are suitable and plants should be deadheaded before the seeds mature if seedlings are not wanted.

Choosing Varieties

‘Gateway’ is the tallest of the Joe Pye Weeds.  ‘Little Joe’ is shorter, 3-4 foot and compact.  ‘Little Red’ is slightly shorter and the stems are deeper red. ‘Chocolate’ is a variety of Snakeroot with chocolate toned leaves, and white flowers with red stems.  The chocolate color is better when plants are grown in part shade.

All plant parts of Joe Pye Weed and Snakeroot are considered to be poisonous.  Any herbal remedies that call for using Joe Pye Weed or Snakeroot [Boneset] should be approached very cautiously.

Bats and August

In August there is always an increase in people reporting bats in their house.  This is because baby Brown bats, the most common bat in Michigan, are learning to fly about this time.  Like all youngsters they get lost and do stupid things, like crawl through a crack to explore a new place.   They don’t want to get in your hair or bite your neck.  They just want out!

Usually if more than one bat is found in a home it means there may be a colony of female bats living in or near your home.   Until August, each female bat is likely to have one baby bat with her.  When they fly out to feed at night they leave these babies behind.   You may hear noises and scrambling around as the females leave.   By mid- August, most baby bats will leave each night with mom.   You don’t want to seal up holes the bats are using until this time.   Even if you don’t care that the baby bats will die without their mothers, they will cause quite a smell and attract insects if they die.  Male bats are solitary or gather in small groups of 2 or 3.

If a bat suddenly appears flying through a room, open a window or door, darken the room and be quiet or leave.   If you are not screaming and jumping around, the bat will generally sense the air current from the open window or door and leave.   You can leave enough light that you can see, like the light from a night light,  but bright lights generally make the bat want to find a place to hide.  If it doesn’t fly out you may be able to scoop it up in something and throw it out.    Do not handle a bat with your bare hands.  If you do manage to get bitten in the process you must not release the bat.  You will need to keep it for rabies testing.   Contact your local animal control office or health department to find out how to submit the bat for testing.

Bat control
Bats in the house are no laughing matter for most folks.  They cause panic and great concern.  While no one should panic, bats should never be tolerated living in a home with humans, even if they are in spots where people seldom go. They need to be removed from human homes for health and safety reasons just as we remove rats and mice.  Every year in Michigan bats are found that test positive for rabies and almost every year people in Michigan who were in contact with rabid bats have to have preventative rabies vaccines. 

Besides the treat of rabies, bats carry parasites like lice and bat bugs, (similar to bed bugs), the dust from their excrement can cause lung disease, and their excrement can build up until it damages the building and the smell becomes over whelming.  The urine and excrement can damage wiring and cause fires.  Large colonies can be quite noisy at night.

There is no law that prevents you from killing bats when they are in your home, but since they are beneficial creatures that are becoming increasingly endangered, their lives should be spared if possible. Ultra sonic devices, mothballs, and poisons for rats and mice do not work on bats.  Bright lights hung in bat roosting areas at night are seldom effective with established colonies either. 

Try to remove bats alive or exclude them from the space after they have left in the evening to feed.  The best way to remove bats is by exclusion.  Do this after August when all babies should be out at night with the adults, until about mid-May.  Exclusion means locating all the places bats are coming and going from and sealing them off when the bats are outside feeding at night.   You can stand outside, maybe with the help of friends and count how many bats are leaving just after sunset and see where they are leaving from.  After a few days of watching and locating holes the holes should be sealed after the bats have left for the night.  Bats can go through any size hole a mouse could go through, a 1/2 inch crack is all they need. 

If it is going to be hard for you to do the sealing work yourself there are companies specializing in bat removal.  They often use traps that allow bats to leave but not come back in after sealing all the other holes during daylight hours.  You can do this too; devices can be purchased on line and in some stores.  After a week or so of using excluder devices all the bats should be gone and the excluder site can be sealed. 

Here’s wishing you a bountiful harvest and no bats in the belfry
Kim Willis
 “He who has a garden and a library wants for nothing” ― Cicero


Events, classes and other offerings
Please let me know if there is any event or class that you would like to share with other gardeners.  These events are primarily in Michigan but if you are a reader from outside of Michigan and want to post an event I’ll be glad to do it.

Do you have plants or seeds you would like to swap or share?  Post them here by emailing me.

An interesting Plant Id page you can join on Facebook

Here’s a seed/plant sharing group you can join on Facebook
https://www.facebook.com/groups/875574275841637/

Here’s a facebook page link for gardeners in the Lapeer area


Here’s a link to classes being offered at Campbell’s Greenhouse, 4077 Burnside Road, North Branch.  Now open.

Here’s a link to classes and events at Nichols Arboretum, Ann Arbor
Here’s a link to programs being offered at English Gardens, several locations in Michigan.

Here’s a link to classes at Telly’s Greenhouse in Troy and Shelby Twsp. MI, and now combined with Goldner Walsh in Pontiac MI.

Here’s a link to classes and events at Bordines, Rochester Hills, Grand Blanc, Clarkston and Brighton locations

Here’s a link to events at the Leslie Science and Nature Center, 1831 Traver Road Ann Arbor, Michigan  | Phone 734-997-1553 |
http://www.lesliesnc.org/

Here’s a link to events at Hidden Lake Gardens, 6214 Monroe Rd, Tipton, MI

Here’s a link to all the nature programs being offered at Seven Ponds Nature center in Dryden, Michigan. http://www.sevenponds.org/education/progs/springprograms/

Here’s a link to events and classes at Fredrick Meijer Gardens, Grand Rapids Mi
http://www.meijergardens.org/learn/ (888) 957-1580, (616) 957-1580

Exhibitors/demonstrators wanted

Seven Ponds Nature Center ( Dryden Mi.) Heritage Harvest Days, scheduled for September 19 and 20 is looking for additional artists and crafters who can demonstrate, display, and sell their work, especially that related to nature.  All exhibitors receive free admission to the event, as well as free lunch on one day of the festival. Please contact the center at 810-796-3200 if you would like to set up a booth or exhibit this year.

Change of the Season – A Guided Nature Walk, Monday, August 17, 2015     9:30AM to 11:30AM
Take a  tour of the Hilton and Marjorie Tibbits Nature Sanctuary, a Lapeer Land Conservancy property. Entrance and parking is located directly across from 4090 Columbiaville Road, Columbiaville, Michigan.

Bring water bottle, binoculars, camera and field guides. Dress for the weather. Donations accepted. Please call 810-969-1023 at least 1 day prior to the event date to reserve your spot! For all programs children 17 and younger must be accompanied by a registered adult. Please park in the designated parking areas! Thank You!

Newsletter information
If you would like to pass along a notice about an educational event or a volunteer opportunity please send me an email before Tuesday of each week and I will print it. Also if you have a comment or opinion you’d like to share, send it to me. Please state that you want to have the item published in my weekly notes. You must give your full name and what you say must be polite and not attack any individual. I am very open to ideas and opinions that don’t match mine but I do reserve the right to publish what I want.
I write this because I love to share with other gardeners some of the things I come across in my research each week. It keeps me engaged with local people and horticulture. It’s a hobby, basically. I hope you enjoy it. If at any time you don’t wish to receive these emails just let me know. If you know anyone who would like to receive these emails have them send their email address to me.  KimWillis151@gmail.com


Tuesday, August 4, 2015

August 4, 2015, Kim’s Weekly Garden Newsletter

August 4, 2015, Kim’s Weekly Garden Newsletter    © Kim Willis

Hi Gardeners
My first flower from an unnamed Cajun Hibiscus.

I was checking back over the weather records for the last 2 years and it seems that the start of August is prime time for big storms and wet weather.  We got 2 inches plus rain on Sunday evening and had to clean up lots of small branches downed by the wind.  We also lost power in our barn, although the house has power and we can see no damage to the lines going to the barn and no signs of a lightning strike.

I have finally seen a few monarch butterflies - I’m glad they managed to get this far this year.  The Giant Swallowtails have been around also.  Birds are again flocking to my feeders, the babies are out and trying to feed their selves.  Frogs and toads are everywhere this year.

Lots of my tall lilies have been toppled by the wind and rain.  The garden phlox is also very tall this season and it’s falling over too. In the fall I’m going to dig a lot of the phlox out- they take over large areas and smother everything else out.  Right now I’m wishing I had dug them out in the spring.  Some plants just get way too carried away with reproducing and need planned parenthood.

My lettuce is going to seed and getting bitter.  I’ll be planting the fall crop any day now.  I made sure to but extra seed this spring because it’s hard to find in the late summer.  Our popcorn is starting to make ears.  I planted Japanese hull-less to try as I love popcorn but don’t like the hulls in my teeth.   We now have baby pumpkins and melons.  They are a bit later this year and I hope they make it to maturity.

I have garden mums showing color right now – guess what that means?  And the hardy hibiscus and sweet autumn clematis are just about ready to bloom too.  I had a new “Cajun” hibiscus bloom for the first time- see photo.  These aren’t hardy but over winter inside well.  I bought a special from Logee’s where they had some unlabeled varieties and you took a chance on what you got.  I’m really pleased with the one I got.  I wish I could collect more of these but my inside space is limited.

Here’s a tip for those who live in the Marlette - North Branch area.   Ben’s Superstore in Marlette has 5 pound bags of organic, slow release fertilizer on sale for $1.25 each. I have never tried the brand but the price is right.

Book Review- Fastest Things on Wings- Rescuing Hummingbirds in Hollywood by Terry Masear- Published June 2015- $16.95 print edition, $11.95 kindle edition.

I loved this book about a woman who rescues hummingbirds in California.  She spends 4 months a year feeding baby hummingbirds every 30 minutes, healing adults and releasing them and rescuing trapped hummingbirds.  California has 4 types of hummingbirds and she handles hundreds of hummers in her rehab center every summer.  Here in Michigan with our 1 species of hummingbird rehab places rarely get 50 birds in a season.

The book was an enjoyable, easy read. You’ll learn a lot about these tiny birds.  What it takes to rehab hummers will amaze you and the efforts of a few people to care for these birds is truly heart-warming.  How Terry Masear finds time to write with her teaching career and work as a hummer rehabber in the summer is hard to imagine but the book is well worth reading. 

August Almanac

This August 2015 an event determined by mathematical odds will occur.  The month has 5 Saturdays, 5 Sundays and 5 Mondays.  But it doesn’t happen every 800 years or so as some internet urban legend wants you to believe.  Rather the same set of 5 days happens every 6- 11 years per month depending on where the leap year occurs in the sequence.  Any month that has 31 days will have a string of 3 sets of 5 weekdays in a month.  For example May 2015 had 5 Fridays, Saturdays, and Sundays.  And last month had 5 Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays.  October will have 5 Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays.  December will have 5 Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays.  But next year in 2016 each of those months will have a different string of 5 weekdays in a month.  And those days are not called “moneybags” in China either- all of that blarney is internet rumor.

The Great Lakes Native Americans called this month's full moon (August 29th ) Sturgeon moon, because that was when these large tasty fish were easily caught in the Great Lakes.  In other places this month’s full moon is known as the Green Corn moon or the blueberry moon. August‘s full moon is also a super moon, being 30% brighter than normal moons and looking larger and closer. 

The Perseid Meteor showers peak will be August 12th and 13th and the moon barely visible so viewing should be good providing the weather cooperates.  At the peak you should be able to see 100 or so “falling stars” an hour.  The meteor showers continue to be visible until August 26th.    Look straight up and give your eyes a chance to adjust to the dark when watching for meteors.  At the peak you can see meteors at any time of the night but pre-dawn viewing will be the time for maximum sightings.

If you are thinking of planting a fall vegetable garden and plant by the moon phase, August 20-22 are good days to plant above ground crops. 

The August birth flower is the gladiolus.  When glads are given to someone they signify remembrance and integrity, perhaps that is why gladiolus are frequently found in funeral arrangements.  The August birthstone is the peridot- a beautiful green gem.

August is National Peach month, National Picnic month, Family Fun month and National Catfish month.  The 9th is National Book Lovers day and the 10th is National Lazy Day.  The 13th is Left Handers day, the 14th is Creamsicle day and the 26th is National Dog day.  The 29th is More Herbs day. August 31st is International Bacon day.

Finding salad dressings without soy oil

Soy oil isn’t good for you- that’s been pretty well proven in a number of medical research trials.  It’s implicated in obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and higher incidences of several cancers.  Almost all soybean oil is produced from genetically modified soybeans, and that may also have health implications for humans as well as for pollinators and other animals.  So why is it found in so many foods?   Salad dressings are a good example- search any store shelves and try to find a salad dressing made without soy oil.  You need some sort of fat to best absorb the nutrients from the vegetables in your salad.  But pouring soy oil based dressing on your salad, especially if it has high fructose corn syrup added as many do, is negating all the good a salad can do you.

I found one dressing locally Olde Cape Cod vinaigrette that was made with olive oil.  An on-line search turned up only a few others, very expensive and often made with canola – which is almost as bad as soy oil for your health.  Soy oil is cheap and abundant and pushed hard by the soybean producers many promotion groups.   Don’t be fooled by dressings that say “with olive oil” – check the label and you will find they are mostly soybean oil with a little
Why spoil it with soy oil?
added olive oil.  Even “real” mayonnaise is made with soy oil.

Here’s what you can do to dress your salads with some healthy fats, make your own dressings.  Yes it’s not convenient, but it’s not that hard and you can use much healthier ingredients.  Most Italian style dressings use 1 part vinegar to 3 parts oil with some seasonings.  You can even buy packaged salad seasonings, just use a healthy oil to mix with them.  The best oils to use are olive oil, coconut oil, palm oil, peanut oil, walnut oil, hemp oil, (hard to find), sesame oil and grapeseed oil.  Some of these are very expensive and may also flavor your salad dressing.  Olive oil, extra virgin or cold pressed, is probably your best bet.  Besides soy oil, avoid canola- a very nasty oil that’s produced with lots of chemicals, and corn oil.   Sunflower and safflower oils can be used sparingly as they aren’t properly balanced in the “omega acids”.

Homemade Italian Dressing
½ cup balsamic (or other) vinegar
1 ½ cups olive oil
½ teaspoon salt – or to taste
1 teaspoon Italian seasoning  (find in the spice department of any store)

(Additions can include a bit of dry or wet mustard, a small amount of sugar or honey, lemon juice, onion powder or minced onion, tomato juice, sundried tomatoes finely chopped, black pepper, paprika, cayenne pepper, chili pepper, bacon bits, garlic juice or finely minced garlic or other spices and herbs you enjoy.  Experiment.)

Put this in a jar with a tight lid and shake until mixed or whisk together or use a blender.  After mixing store tightly covered in the refrigerator for up to a week.

In dressings like ranch, mayonnaise and other creamy dressings you can even use butter or bacon grease, which is quite good in some dressings.  The small amount of saturated fat you consume in these dressings will hurt you far less than soy or canola oil.  Ranch dressing uses buttermilk or sour cream also.

A problem with homemade mayonnaise type dressings is the safety of the raw eggs, which could cause salmonellosis if not handled and stored properly.  Usually the acids and salt in the dish will make the raw egg yolk safe as long as it’s kept cold but you may want to use pasteurized eggs which can be found in some stores.  People with poor immune systems or children should not use dressings made with raw eggs that aren’t pasteurized.

Basic Mayonnaise recipe
2 egg yolks, pasteurized
1 ½ cups of olive oil or use 1 cup olive oil and ½ cup bacon grease
1 teaspoon of lemon juice
¼ teaspoon salt

You can add your own seasonings such as a bit of mustard, pepper, garlic or onion.  Some people prefer to use vinegar in place of lemon juice but you must use an acidic ingredient for food safety.
You place all of this in a food processor and blend until creamy.  It makes about 1 ½  cups. Keep it refrigerated.  Keep dishes made with homemade mayo refrigerated too.

Here’s a homemade way to pasteurize egg yolks.  It may not be quite as safe as buying commercially pasteurized eggs.  Place 2 egg yolks- or the amount for 1 recipe- in a small metal pan with a bit of water.  Try to slide the yolks into the pan and don’t break them.  Place that pan inside another pan filled half way with cold water. (Double boiler) Put a candy or other food thermometer in the pan with the water.  Slowly heat the water to 140 degrees and hold it at 140 degrees for 5 minutes.  It takes careful watching.  This should not cook the yolks, but if they do cook just a bit it won’t hurt.  Use the eggs in your recipe right away.

Ranch dressing

½ cup homemade mayonnaise
½  cup well-shaken buttermilk
1 tablespoon finely chopped onion
½  teaspoon dry mustard
½ teaspoon minced garlic or amount to your taste
2 tablespoons finely chopped fresh chives
1 tablespoon finely chopped fresh parsley
1 tablespoon finely chopped fresh dill
¼ teaspoon black pepper
Salt to your taste and diet needs
You can shake this up in a large jar with a tight lid, use a blender in short pulses or whisk it together.  It makes about a cup of dressing.  Keep refrigerated.

Recording your garden in pictures

When I look around my garden in August, when most plants are mature and full sized I often think about how crowded it is and what I need to move or remove.  But in May when things are young and small there I am, plugging the “gaps” with new plants.  I started recording my garden in pictures every week late last year.  Before that I had sporadic pictures I could review but I sometimes wondered why I had planted something in a certain spot, or even where I had planted something, my memory being somewhat “older” now.  In winter I was trying to remember what colors were prominent at a certain time or where and when I needed color.  This year, every week or so, I have been taking a picture of each garden bed from several angles.  I also photograph pot groupings.  I download the pictures to a file on my computer.  I can review the progression of my garden beds and it really helps me make decisions on where I need color at a particular time, what gets overpowering late in the season or looks ratty and where I could place new plants. 
Deck potted collection July 30, 2015

From my pictures last fall I knew I didn’t need any more hostas in the bed in front of the handicap ramp, even though it looked bare when the hostas were first leafing out.  From my pictures this spring I could see where I need some more tulips or other spring bulbs.  I probably wouldn’t have been able to visualize where to place them this fall with all the huge hostas and other plants at full maturity.  Now I will sneak them in under the hostas at the west end of the handicap ramp bed. 

With weekly pictures you can see when things bloom and compare them to when they bloomed last year, to see if the season is earlier or later than normal.  Most cameras date stamp the picture in the file label, if yours doesn’t and you want to do this, simply re-name your file with a date.  You can even open the picture with a program such as “paint” and add notes to your pictures.  I sort my pictures by the flower bed, such as “triangle bed” or “birdhouse bed” and then put them in order by date.  I’ve included older pictures I found in my computer from previous years.  If you do this you could even print the pictures so you can have them at hand when shopping garden catalogs this winter.

I call this the handicap ramp bed, July 11, 2015
Your pictures don’t have to be great artistic things, and you don’t have to show them to anyone if you don’t want to.  Just make sure to snap them at regular intervals.  With today’s digital cameras and everyone having a cell phone or some other device that takes pictures this is easy to do.  I have found that the pictures help me immensely in planning and they are great to show off when the week’s pictures are unusually good.  Gardens change so fast through the season, one day your beds are blazing with color, the next rather dull and drab.  How many times have you told someone; “You should have been here last week when my peonies, roses, tulips or whatever were in bloom”?  Photo’s help you capture the great moments.

Buddleia or Butterfly Bush

For late summer color and fragrance, and a beautiful feeding station for butterflies, nothing beats the Butterfly Bush.   Even smaller gardens can now enjoy this easy to care for plant, as dwarf varieties have been developed.   Hummingbirds and bees also appreciate the buddleias and they add color and structure to the garden as well.

Buddleia is also known by the common name of Summer Lilac.  Butterfly Bush is a much better name because it truly draws a circus of colorful butterfly species.  Some books may spell the Latin name of Butterfly Bush as Buddleja.

Most buddleias are native to China and Japan, although there are a few from other semi-tropical areas of the world, including the southern United States.  Most Butterfly Bushes on the market are selections of Buddleia davidii, but there are a few other species on the market. The plants form woody stems in warm climates but die to the ground in most of Michigan.   Butterfly bush is classified as a semi-shrub, or semi- woody, and most varieties get quite large and tall, 3 foot wide by 6 foot or higher, in one growing season.

The leaves of buddleia are long and narrow and range from deep green to silvery green.  There are some varieties with variegated leaves.  Smaller varieties have been developed that suit small spaces better. 

Buddleia has numerous plumes of tiny colorful flowers, which begin opening at the bottom and continue to open for several days to the tip. The flowers are tube shaped with 4 or 5 petals.  Colors ranges from white to nearly black, many flowers have orange or yellow throats. Many varieties of buddleia are fragrant, but it is not an over-powering scent.  

Cultivation of Buddleias

There are varieties of butterfly bush that are hardy in zone 5, but before purchasing check the zone hardiness, as some varieties may not be hardy in Michigan. Those in the far southern Michigan counties may be able to grow varieties rated to zone 6, particularly in protected areas.  Although some of what was formerly Zone 5 has been re-classified as zone 6, be careful as our last few winters have killed a lot of buddleias.  Buddleia is usually purchased as a plant and starts blooming at a very young age.  It can be started easily from seed however, and will bloom the first year if started early in the year.

Pink buddleia or butterfly bush
Buddleia is slow to get growing in the spring so mark the plant location and give it time.  Once it starts growing it grows very quickly and makes a large shrub in one season.  Make sure you allow plenty of room for the plant when it is at its largest in late summer. 

In zones 5 and 6, Butterfly Bush usually dies to the ground each year.    Since buddleia forms its blooms on this year’s wood, cutting the plants back to a foot above the ground each fall is a good idea.  This encourages the plant to put out more stems, and that means more blooms. The stubs will mark the spot so you won’t damage the roots before the plant begins growing in early summer.    Buddleia alternifolia, or Fountain Butterfly Bush, is an exception to this.  It blooms on old wood and only winterkilled wood should be removed in late spring.  If Fountain Butterfly Bush needs pruning to shape or control growth, it should be done immediately after flowering.

When buddleia begins to grow in the spring, fertilize with a slow release fertilizer for flowers.   The Butterfly Bush needs full sun and well-drained soil.  It is somewhat drought tolerant, but appreciates some watering during lengthy dry spells.   Buddleia blooms over a long period from late summer to late fall or the first hard frost.  Be careful working around buddleia as it is often full of bees. 

When each truss of flowers has finished blooming cut it off.  This conserves the plants energy, keeps them blooming longer, and keeps the plants from spreading vigorously from seed.  In areas where it is happy, Buddleia can become invasive, with seedlings popping up everywhere.  Politically correct gardeners will take care that Butterfly bush doesn’t spread into natural areas, although the butterflies and bees might argue for its proliferation.

Some varieties of buddleia

Selections of the common Butterfly Bush, Buddleia davidii include ‘Black Knight’, a deep purple, ‘White Ball‘, ‘Pink Delight’, ‘Santana’, which has variegated foliage and red-purple flowers, ‘Silver Anniversary’ which has silver foliage and white flowers, ‘Ellen’s Blue’, which is true blue, ‘Attraction’, which is magenta red, and “Adonis Blue’ which is only around 3-4 foot tall.   There are dozens of other varieties.  Butterfly bushes with yellow colors such as ‘Honeycomb’ and ‘Sungold’, [ball-shaped flower clusters], are selections of Buddleia weyeriana.   ‘Nanho Blue’ about 4 foot tall and ‘Petite Purple’ only 2 foot tall, are selections of B. nanhoensis.  Many new, compact buddleias are on the market, many of these are hybrids of several species. 

Buddleia alternifolia, Fountain Butterfly Bush, is a shrub with weeping branches covered with tiny lavender flowers in late spring.   It blooms on old wood, and should not be pruned to the ground each fall.

No garden is complete without a butterfly way station like buddleia.  Even those who garden in containers can now enjoy this plant in its compact versions.  Do the bees and butterflies a favor and plant lots of Butterfly bushes.

Why don’t I have any squash, cucumbers, melons etc?

Every year new gardeners ask this question when it seems like their vining crops are blooming and blooming but they aren’t getting any “fruits”.  Most vining plants like squash, pumpkins, melons and cucumbers need a long growing season and warmth to do their best.  They also need full sun.  But by August they should be flowering and here is where the confusion begins.  All of these plants produce two types of flowers, male and female.  They look similar except that the female flowers have a baby “bump” at the stem end.  This looks like a tiny quash, pumpkin and so on.
Winter squash - female bud.  Credit; commons.wikipedia.org

Male flowers usually begin blooming first on a plant.  They will bloom and die, because they can’t produce a fruit.  But if conditions are right female flowers will soon start appearing along with the male and if there are pollinators around, the baby bumps will begin growing.  The withered blossom often hangs on the developing fruit for a short time.  Most of the vining crops grow their fruit at a fast rate.  Some like cucumbers and summer squash will be ready to eat in just a couple weeks, as these crops need to be picked when they are still small for the best eating.

The fruit of vining crops may not look like what you expect when they first begin developing but don’t panic.  Cantaloupe develop the netting on their skins later in development.  Many squash, melons, gourds and pumpkins have a different color from when they are mature- melons and gourds may develop spots later for example.  Pumpkins start out green like many squash and then they develop color later.  Cucumbers should be green when picked unless you are growing one of the rare white or lemon varieties.  They will change color to orange, yellow or brown when mature but those mature fruits don’t make the best eating.

It’s not unusual for plants you thought were one type of squash or melon to turn out to be something else.  Plants that look similar like pumpkins and squash sometimes get mislabeled in nurseries.  Also pumpkin, squash, and gourds can hybridize and the saved seeds may produce something unusual.  Different melons may also hybridize. You may get one of these seeds in a seed packet.   When you are growing them close together in a garden the fruit they produce this season should be as expected,( unless you got that odd seed),  pumpkins or hubbard squash or cantaloupe but if you save the seeds next year’s offspring could surprise you.
Young muskmelon August 2

Mature muskmelon August 30.
So when you see both types of flowers on a vining plant you should expect to see the fruit begin developing soon.  Some melons, squash, gourds and pumpkins can take a long time to begin blooming – they need long seasons to make fruit.  So check the maturity dates on these types of plants when you buy them or seeds for them and in Zones 5 and 6 stick to those that say 120 days or less to maturity.

Have you gone swimming yet this summer?

Kim Willis
 “He who has a garden and a library wants for nothing” ― Cicero



Events, classes and other offerings
Please let me know if there is any event or class that you would like to share with other gardeners.  These events are primarily in Michigan but if you are a reader from outside of Michigan and want to post an event I’ll be glad to do it.

Do you have plants or seeds you would like to swap or share?  Post them here by emailing me.

An interesting Plant Id page you can join on Facebook

Here’s a seed/plant sharing group you can join on Facebook
https://www.facebook.com/groups/875574275841637/

Here’s a facebook page link for gardeners in the Lapeer area


Here’s a link to classes being offered at Campbell’s Greenhouse, 4077 Burnside Road, North Branch.  Now open.

Here’s a link to classes and events at Nichols Arboretum, Ann Arbor
Here’s a link to programs being offered at English Gardens, several locations in Michigan.

Here’s a link to classes at Telly’s Greenhouse in Troy and Shelby Twsp. MI, and now combined with Goldner Walsh in Pontiac MI.

Here’s a link to classes and events at Bordines, Rochester Hills, Grand Blanc, Clarkston and Brighton locations

Here’s a link to events at the Leslie Science and Nature Center, 1831 Traver Road Ann Arbor, Michigan  | Phone 734-997-1553 |
http://www.lesliesnc.org/

Here’s a link to events at Hidden Lake Gardens, 6214 Monroe Rd, Tipton, MI

Here’s a link to all the spring programs being offered at Seven Ponds Nature center in Dryden, Michigan. http://www.sevenponds.org/education/progs/springprograms/

Here’s a link to events and classes at Fredrick Meijer Gardens, Grand Rapids Mi
http://www.meijergardens.org/learn/ (888) 957-1580, (616) 957-1580

Wild Summer Tea Party with Cassey Mieslik and Jeanette Farley, Saturday, August 8, 2015,  10am - 12pm and 1pm to 3pm
The day begins taking a walk to harvest teas followed by trying out teas made from wild mint, bee balm and having a few sips of Sumac lemonade. Also learn how to infuse Queens Ann Lace into Apple Jelly. Yum!

At 1pm there are salve and lotion demonstrations and each person will receive a sample of both the salve and lotion. Bring a sack lunch too.
Enter the driveway at 4107 Columbiiaville Road, Columbiaville Michigan. Dress for the weather. $5.00 donation.


Change of the Season – A Guided Nature Walk, Monday, August 17, 2015      9:30AM to 11:30AM
Take a  tour of the Hilton and Marjorie Tibbits Nature Sanctuary, a Lapeer Land Conservancy property. Entrance and parking is located directly across from 4090 Columbiaville Road, Columbiaville, Michigan.

Bring water bottle, binoculars, camera and field guides. Dress for the weather. Donations accepted. Please call 810-969-1023 at least 1 day prior to the event date to reserve your spot! For all programs children 17 and younger must be accompanied by a registered adult. Please park in the designated parking areas! Thank You!

Newsletter information
If you would like to pass along a notice about an educational event or a volunteer opportunity please send me an email before Tuesday of each week and I will print it. Also if you have a comment or opinion you’d like to share, send it to me. Please state that you want to have the item published in my weekly notes. You must give your full name and what you say must be polite and not attack any individual. I am very open to ideas and opinions that don’t match mine but I do reserve the right to publish what I want.
I write this because I love to share with other gardeners some of the things I come across in my research each week. It keeps me engaged with local people and horticulture. It’s a hobby, basically. I hope you enjoy it. If at any time you don’t wish to receive these emails just let me know. If you know anyone who would like to receive these emails have them send their email address to me.  KimWillis151@gmail.com